What is a Henge?
A henge is a prehistoric monument consisting of a circular or oval-shaped bank with an internal ditch surrounded by one or more circles of upright stone or wooden pillars. These structures are typically found in the British Isles and are believed to have been used for religious or ceremonial purposes.
Origin and History of Henges
The term ‘henge’ was first coined by antiquarian William Stukeley in the 17th century to describe Stonehenge, one of the most famous examples of this type of monument. Henges are thought to have been built by Neolithic and Bronze Age societies between 3000 and 2000 BCE.
Characteristics of Henges
1. Circular or oval-shaped bank
2. Internal ditch
3. Circles of upright stones or pillars
4. Alignment with astronomical events
Examples of Henges
– Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England
– Avebury Henge in Wiltshire, England
– The Ring of Brodgar in Orkney, Scotland
– Beaghmore Stone Circles in Northern Ireland
Case Studies
One of the most well-known henges, Stonehenge, continues to intrigue researchers and visitors alike. Studies have shown that the alignment of its stones corresponds with the solstices and equinoxes, suggesting a possible astronomical function. Excavations at Avebury Henge have revealed burial mounds and evidence of feasting, indicating its cultural significance.
Statistics on Henges
– There are over 1,000 henges in the British Isles.
– Stonehenge receives over one million visitors annually.
– Avebury Henge covers over 28 acres.
Conclusion
Henges are fascinating and enigmatic structures that offer a glimpse into the religious and ceremonial practices of ancient societies. Their construction and alignment with celestial events continue to spark curiosity and debate among archaeologists and historians.
